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What the internet is about -

Frederick Kwesi Great Agboletey

Glasgow, Scotland.

About the Internet – Translation from Swedish DN -

Published 2009-07-20 11:13

No one owns the internet -  The protocol that is employed for communication and the most important is the TCP/IP is standardised and already from the beginning was open structure wise. Despite the originators are easily identified there are no patents to these protocols and this has always been a point and will for standardisation.

The Internets Size doubles every fifth year, according to a new Chinese research and in May 2009 it was measured to be 500 exabyte (Exabyte = one billion, billion byte). The whole net could therefore contain about 125 billion dvd discs, which compares to the equivalent of present day’s Hollywood and Bollywood’s annual production in over 80 million years. But the internet is expanding, expanding and expanding (growing, growing and growing). In 2006 160 exabytes were created or 3 million times all of the existing books ever written, and next year it is estimated that the annual internet volume created will increase to 988 exabyte. The growth pertains to the traffic also. According to computer giant Cisco just over 170 terabytes were moved through the network every month globally, the previous year it was estimated to be over 8 million terabyte and it is estimated that by 2013 it will increase to 56 exabyte.

Access to the internet is highest in North America, where three of every four citizens has internet access. In Europe about half of the inhabitants have access to the internet. Iceland has the world’s highest figure with above 90%. Sweden’s lies close after and increases higher. Globally, only a fourth of the population has internet access, Africa lowers the global average with just 5.6 percent having access to the internet, according to the Internet World Stats.

The speed has also increased. In autumn 2003 the CERN Institute in Switzerland succeeded in moving 1.1 terabyte through the net in 30 minutes – 5,44 gigabytes per second – which compares to a long film – dvd in seven seconds. And two years later Japanese researchers succeeded to approach 9.08 gigabytes per second. In autumn could the Swedish University Network, SUNET, send a signal from Luleå till Manhattan with an impressive speed of over 40 gigabits per second. In the research world there is an ongoing competition for all kinds of records, however the internet’s size has a practical limitation, there are theoretical obstacles to unlimited speed for data transmission. Quantum mechanics’s laws and the speed of light have set barriers for how much information can be sent and received as light pulses in fibre lines of glass. The challenge depends simply on maximal amount of data per cable size. From DNs computers information is sent with  a speed of 50 megabits per second and the speed to DN is just below 100 megabits per second.

The future of the internet is known and unknown. What is certain is that within certain perceivable time framework it is going to increase its worthiness to all humanity on earth. What the consequences to all not having access to the internet is hard to determine exactly but the issue of democracy along the same lines is also likely to increase. The United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU) as well as individual nations are working on the problem. There are also those who are worried with ever wider spread is going to used by organised crime by way of terror, sex trade and environmental crimes. Which is therefore, why many legislation bodies are proposing laws and means of regulating the system and make it possible to increase control over the internet both nationally and internationally. On the opposing side are groups which perceive this as a treat to creativity, openness, transparency and personal integrity. With support of democratic principles and the fundamental idea of the open, free internet, these groups and movements are activated against increasing control. Net neutrality is a key word, which means that the net shall be equally free from attack and limitation just as the air through which we communicate.

Ossi Carp

ossi.carp@dn.se

Om internet

Publicerat 2009-07-20 11:13

Skriv ut Tipsa   Textstorlek

 Du, jag och internet

Annons:

Ingen äger internet. De protokoll som kommunikationen sker med, och störst av dem är TCP/IP, är standardiserade och redan från början öppna i sin struktur. Trots att upphovsmännen är lätta att identifiera finns inga patent till dessa protokoll och det har varit både en poäng och ett villkor för att bli standardiserade.

Internets storlek dubbleras vart femte år, enligt ny kinesisk forskning, och i maj 2009 mättes den till 500 exabyte (exabyte = en miljard miljarder byte). Hela nätet skulle alltså kunna rymmas på cirka 125 miljarder dvd-skivor, vilket ungefär motsvarar Hollywoods och Bollywoods nuvarande årsproduktion i över 80 miljoner år. Men internet växer, växer och växer. 2006 skapades 160 exabyte, eller 3 miljoner gånger alla böcker som någonsin skrivits, och nästa år beräknas det årliga skapandet uppgå till 988 exabyte. Tillväxten gäller trafiken också. Enligt datorjätten Cisco överfördes 1995 drygt 170 terabyte per månad globalt, förra året var månadssiffran över 8 miljoner terabyte och 2013 beräknas den till 56 exabyte.

Tillgången till internet är högst i Nordamerika, där tre av fyra medborgare har internet. I Europa har cirka hälften internettillgång. Island har världsdelens högsta siffra, drygt 90 procent. Sverige ligger tätt efter och ökar mer. Sett till hela världen har bara en fjärdedel internettillgång, Afrika drar ned genomsnittet då bara 5,6 procent har internet där, enligt Internet World Stats.

Snabbheten har också ökat. Hösten 2003 lyckades internationella Cern-institutet i Schweiz föra över 1,1 terabyte på 30 minuter - 5,44 gigabits per sekund - vilket motsvarar en långfilms-dvd på sju sekunder. Och för två år sedan lyckades japanska forskare nå 9,08 gigabit per sekund. I höstas kunde svenska universitetsnätverket Sunet skicka en signal från Luleå till Manhattan med en imponernade hastighet på över 40 gigabit per sekund. I forskarvärlden tävlar man hela tiden om olika rekord, men medan internets storlek bara har en praktisk övre gräns, finns teoretiska hinder för oändliga hastigheter för dataöverföring. Kvantmekanikens lagar och ljusets hastighet sätter gränser för hur mycket information som kan skickas och tas emot som ljuspulser i fibertrådar av glas. Utmaningen består enkelt uttryckt i att maximera mängden data per kabelstorlek. Från DN:s datorer färdas informationen med ungefär 50 megabit per sekund och hastigheten till DN är knappt 100 megabit per sekund.

Internets framtid är viss och oviss. Det som är säkert är att det inom överskådlig tid kommer att öka sin betydelse i vardagen för alla människor på jorden. Vilka konsekvenser det får att inte alla kommer att få tillgång till internet är svårt att säkert säga men det demokratiska problemet kommer sannolikt att öka. Såväl FN som EU och enskilda länder jobbar på problemet. Det finns också de som oroar sig för att internet i allt högre utsträckning kommer att användas av organiserad brottslighet i form av bland annat terror, sexhandel och ekobrott. Därför vill man från många lagstiftande håll införa lagar och system som reglerar och möjliggör en större kontroll av internet, nationellt och internationellt. Där ser motsatta grupper hot mot såväl kreativitet, öppenhet, transparens och personlig integritet. Med stöd av demokratiska principer och grundidén om det öppna, fria internet aktiverar sig grupper och rörelser i motstånd mot detta. Nätneutraliteten är ett nyckelord, vilket betyder att nätet ska vara lika fritt från ingrepp och begränsningar som luften vi annars kommunicerar via.

Ossi Carp

ossi.carp@dn.se

 

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